Map the source landscape
Rung 1Run this before you read anything, on a topic you are about to spend weeks in. You are looking for the shape of the conversation, not for facts you will cite.
I am researching [topic] for a nonfiction book aimed at [reader].
Give me the landscape, not a summary. Specifically:
1. The four or five positions people actually hold on this, stated as their strongest advocates would state them.
2. For each position, the single work most associated with it, with author and year.
3. What the mainstream view was ten years ago and how it changed.
4. Two questions where the evidence is genuinely unsettled.
5. What a well read person in this field would consider a beginner's mistake.
Mark anything you are unsure of with [UNCERTAIN]. Do not fill gaps with plausible titles. If you do not know a specific work for a position, say so.
Build the claims table
Rung 1The single most useful research artifact in a nonfiction project. Do it once per chapter, at the end, before you think you are finished.
Here is a chapter draft. Extract every factual claim into a table.
Columns: the claim in my words, the type (statistic, date, quotation, attribution, general fact), whether I gave a source in the text, and a verification difficulty rating of easy, moderate or hard.
Include claims I have stated as obvious. Those are the ones that get me in trouble.
Do not verify anything. Do not tell me whether the claims are true. Just extract them.
Do not rewrite or edit my text in any way.
Reverse verify your own chapter
Rung 1This is the one people skip. You wrote it, so you believe it. Ask the machine to try to break it instead of trying to help it.
Read this chapter as a hostile fact checker at a publishing house whose job is to find the thing that gets us sued or embarrassed.
List, in order of risk:
1. Claims stated with more confidence than the underlying evidence supports.
2. Numbers with no source, including ones that sound right.
3. Attributions of a quote or idea to a person that may be misattributed.
4. Anything that was true when commonly reported but may have changed since.
5. Any place I have implied causation from what is probably correlation.
For each, tell me what specifically you would want to see before you let it print.
Do not correct the text. Do not suggest replacement wording.
Find the counterargument
Rung 1Before you defend a position in print, find out who has already attacked it and how well.
My book argues [state your claim in one sentence].
Who has argued against this, and what is their strongest version of the argument? Give me the three most serious objections, each stated at full strength with no hedging and no straw men, plus who is associated with each. Then tell me which of the three I would have the hardest time answering, and why.
Read a policy page for what it actually says
Rung 1For terms of service, platform rules, submission guidelines, contest requirements. Paste the page text rather than the link when you can.
Below is the current text of [platform]'s policy on [topic], pasted from their site today.
Tell me:
1. What it explicitly requires, quoted.
2. What it explicitly forbids, quoted.
3. What it does not address at all, which is the part I care most about.
4. Any place where the wording is ambiguous enough that two reasonable people would read it differently.
Answer only from the text I pasted. Do not use anything you remember about this policy from training, because policies change and your memory of it is dated. If the text does not answer a question, say the text does not answer it.
Compare sources that disagree
Rung 1For the moment when two credible accounts do not match and you have to write one sentence.
Here are three sources on [event or question]. They do not agree.
Build a table: the point of disagreement down the left, what each source says across the top.
Then, separately: for each disagreement, tell me what kind of disagreement it is. Different data, different definitions, different time periods, different methodology, or genuine dispute.
Do not tell me which source is correct. Tell me what a reader would need to know to judge for themselves.
Rung 1
Useful in nonfiction for historical chapters, and useful in fiction when you are working from real events.
From the material below, extract every dated event into a chronological table.
Columns: date as given, event in under fifteen words, source, and confidence.
Confidence is one of: stated explicitly in the source, inferred by me from context, or unclear.
Where two sources give different dates for the same event, give it one row and note both.
Where a date is given only as a month or year, keep it that vague. Do not resolve it to a day.
Add nothing that is not in the material.
Social and list
The repurposing engine
Rung 5Rung 9One piece of source material, a month of posts, all of it drawn from words you already wrote.
Caption variants
Rung 9For when the post is written and the first line is not landing.
Outline the reader magnet
Rung 9The thing people trade an email address for. It should come out of the book, not beside it.
The welcome sequence
Rung 9Three emails, written once, working for years. Chapter 29 argues for three rather than ten, on the grounds that three gets written.
The newsletter from a week of notes
Rung 5The prompt that keeps a list alive when you have nothing prepared.